Python chapter 9 learning notes
·CLASS
For example,
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class Restaurant(): def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):#DO NOT FORGET __init__ self.name = restaurant_name self.type = cuisine_type def describe_restaurant(self):#DO NOT FORGET self print("This restaurant's name is " + self.name + ".") print("This restaurant's cuisine type is" + self.type + ".") def open_restaurant(self):#DO NOT FORGET self print("This restaurant is opening.") op_rest = Restaurant("Chinese Restaurant", "LUCAI") op_rest.describe_restaurant() op_rest.open_restaurant() |
This is a good example to show how to use CLASS in python.
Just add some sentences as followed, that shows some ways to modify elements.
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class Car(): def __init__(self, make, model, year): """初始化描述汽车的属性""" self.make = make self.model = model self.year = year self.odometer_reading = 100 def get_descriptive_name(self): long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model return long_name.title() def read_odometer(self): print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.") def update_odometer(self, mileage): if mileage >= self.odometer_reading: self.odometer_reading = mileage else: print("Forrbideen") def increment_odometer(self, miles): self.odometer_reading += miles my_car = Car('Toyota', 'GO9', 2017) print(my_car.get_descriptive_name()) #my_car.odometer_reading = 100 #Direct assignment you = input("Please input the miles.\n") you = int(you) #my_car.update_odometer(you) #Modify value by method my_car.increment_odometer(you) #Adding by method my_car.read_odometer() |
· Inheritance
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class Car(): def __init__(self, make, model, year): """初始化描述汽车的属性""" self.make = make self.model = model self.year = year def get_descriptive_name(self): long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model return long_name.title() def fill_gas_tank(self): print("ONLY ONE") class ElectricCar(Car): #Define Inheritance """电动汽车的独特之处""" def __init__(self, make, model, year): super().__init__(make, model, year) self.battery_size = 70 #Adding a property def describe_battery(self): #Adding a method """打印一条描述电瓶容量的信息""" print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-KWh battery.") def fill_gas_tank(self):#If the parent class has something that it do not need, #just define a method and overwriting. print("This car doesn't need a gas tank!") my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2017) print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name()) my_tesla.describe_battery() my_tesla.fill_gas_tank() |
o In order to make codes more beautiful,put some properties that only electricCar has into a new class.
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class Car(): --snip-- class Battery(): #A new class, and not belong to class Car. """一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试""" def __init__(self, battery_size=70): """初始化电瓶的属性""" self.battery_size = battery_size def describe_battery(self): """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息""" print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.") class ElectricCar(Car): """电动汽车的独特之处""" def __init__(self, make, model, year): """ 初始化父类的属性，再初始化电动汽车特有的属性 """ super().__init__(make, model, year) self.battery = Battery() my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2016) print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name()) my_tesla.battery.describe_battery()#可以直接用my_tesla.来调用battery（）里面的方法 |
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Import Class:
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Import single class
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#外面有一个car.py文件，里面有一个Car类 from car import Car my_new_car = Car('audi', 'a4', 2016) print(my_new_car.get_descriptive_name()) my_new_car.odometer_reading = 23 my_new_car.read_odometer() |
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Import Many class in one module
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#外面有一个car.py文件，里面有多个类，Car类，ElectricCar类 from car import ElectricCar my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2016) print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name()) my_tesla.battery.describe_battery() my_tesla.battery.get_range() |
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Import many class from only one module
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from car import Car, ElectricCar my_beetle = Car('volkswagen', 'beetle', 2016) print(my_beetle.get_descriptive_name()) my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'roadster', 2016) print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name()) |
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Import all module[RECOMMEND]
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#外面有一个car.py文件，里面有多个类 import car my_beetle = car.Car('volkswagen', 'beetle', 2016) print(my_beetle.get_descriptive_name()) my_tesla = car.ElectricCar('tesla', 'roadster', 2016) print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name()) |
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Import all class from module[NOT RECOMMEND]
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from module_name import * |
